Climate adaptation through urban planning: entry points and barriers in three German cities

Philipp Lebrun; Ariane Walz; Christian Albert

doi:10.3097/LO.2026.1148

Authors

Philipp Lebrun University of Potsdam - Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Potsdam; Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5447-0671
Ariane Walz University of Potsdam - Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Potsdam; Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-4424
Christian Albert Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Environmental Planning, Hannover; Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-4779

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.2026.1148

Keywords:

Climate adaptation, Urban planning, Informal and formal planning, Cities, Adaptation measures

Abstract

Cities must adapt to increasing impacts of climate change, necessitating comprehensive and effective planning processes and instruments. This study investigates the integration of climate adaptation into urban planning, focusing on the experiences and perspectives of planners from three distinct German cities: Remscheid, Potsdam, and Würzburg. The findings reveal that despite a general awareness of adaptation measures, such as greening and open space preservation, substantial challenges remain, particularly in incorporating these measures into existing urban frameworks. Key barriers include financial constraints, regulatory obstacles, and competing land-use priorities. Differences also arise among professional perspectives; landscape planners highlight the potential of formal instruments like land-use and development plans, while land-use planners tend to express skepticism about their effectiveness. In contrast, informal instruments are predominantly viewed positively due to their flexibility and participatory nature. Stakeholder dynamics are crucial in shaping climate adaptation outcomes. Public pressure emerges as a significant driver for action, while administrative bodies often face conflicting interests that can hinder coordinated efforts. The study concludes with recommendations for better alignment of formal and informal planning instruments, increased political and administrative support, and more strategic integration of adaptation measures in the early planning stages to ensure successful implementation and enhance urban climate resilience.

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