Transformation pathways towards sustainable urban development by the inclusion of peri-urban farmland in green infrastructure strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.202196Keywords:
urban agriculture, planning strategies, spatial planning, sustainability transformation, urban, sustainable developmentAbstract
Urbanization and agricultural land use are two of the main drivers of global changes with effects on ecosystem functions and human wellbeing. Green infrastructure is a new and promising approach in spatial planning contributing to sustainable urban development, but rarely considers spatial and functional potentials of utilizable agricultural land as an integral part. This doctoral thesis addresses this gap and investigates how peri-urban farmland can promote green infrastructure and sustainable urban development. The results contribute to the conceptual understanding of urban green infrastructures as a strategic spatial planning approach that incorporates inner-urban utilizable agricultural land and the agriculturally dominated landscape at the outer urban fringe. Four strategies are introduced for spatial planning with the contribution to a strategically planned multifunctional network. Finally, this thesis sheds light on the opportunities that arise from the integration of peri-urban farmland in the green infrastructure concept to support transformation towards a more sustainable urban development. This work concludes that the linkage of peri-urban farmland with the green infrastructure concept is a promising action field for the development of new pathways for urban transformation towards sustainable urban development. Along with these outcomes, attention is drawn to limitations that remain to be addressed by future research.
References
Aerts, R.; Dewaelheyns, V., Achten, W.M.J, 2016. Potential ecosystem services of urban agriculture: a review. DOI:10.7287/peerj.preprints.2286v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2286v1
Albrechts, L., 2004. Strategic (Spatial) Planning Reexamined. Environ Plann B Plann Des 31 (5), 743–758. DOI:10.1068/b3065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/b3065
Beaufoy, G., Baldock, D., Clark, J., 1994. The Nature of Farming. Low Intensity Farming Systems in Nine European Countries. Institute for European Environmental Policy, London.
Benedict, M.A., McMahon, E.T., 2002. Green infrastructure: Smart conservation for the 21st century. Renewable Resources Journal (20), 12–17.
Benedict, M.A., McMahon, E.T., 2006. Green infrastructure: Linking landscapes and infrastructures. Island Press, Washington, London, 299 pp.
EEA – European Environment Agency 2012. European Urban Atlas. Retrieved from http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/urban-atlas
Elmqvist, T., M. Fragkias, J. Goodness, B. Güneralp, P.J. Marcotullio, R.I. McDonald, S. Parnell, M. Schewenius, Sendstad, M., Seto, K.C., Wilkinson, C., Alberti, M., Folke, C., Frantzeskaki, N., Haase, D., Katti, M., Nagendra, H., Niemelä, J., Pickett, S.T.A., Redman, C. L., Tidball, K. 2013. Stewardship of the biosphere in the urban era. 719–746. In: Elmqvist, T., Fragkias, M., Goodness, J., Güneralp, B., Marcotullio, P.J., McDonald, R.I., Parnell, S., Schewenius, M., Sendstad, M., Seto, K.C., Wilkinson, C., 2013. Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7088-1_33
Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., Balogh, S., 2012. An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 22 (1), 1–29. DOI:10.1093/jopart/mur011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur011
Ernstson, H., van der Leeuw, S.E., Redman, C.L., Meffert, D.J., Davis, G., Alfsen, C., Elmqvist, T., 2010. Urban transitions: on urban resilience and human- dominated ecosystems. Ambio 39 (8), 531–545. DOI:10.1007/S13280-010-0081-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0081-9
European Commission, 2013. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Green Infrastructure (GI)—Enhancing Europe's Natural Capital. COM(2013) 249 final. Brussels
European Commission, 2019. Commission staff working document. Guidance on a strategic framework for further supporting the deployment of EU-level green and blue infrastructure. SWD(2019) 193 final. Brussels
Foley, J. A., R. DeFries, G. P. Asner, C. Barford, G. Bonan, S. R. Carpenter, F. S. Chapin, M. T. Coe, G. C. Daily, H. K. Gibbs, J. H. Helkowski, T. Holloway, E. A. Howard, C. J. Kucharik, C. Monfreda, J. A. Patz, I. C. Prentice, N. Ramankutty and P. K. Snyder, 2005. Global Consequences of Land Use. Science 309 (5734), 570–574. DOI:10.1126/science.1111772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772
Grimm, N.B., Faeth, S.H., Golubiewski, N.E., Redman, C.L., Wu, J., Bai, X., Briggs, J.M., 2008. Global change and the ecology of cities. Science (New York, N.Y.) 319 (5864), 756–760. DOI:10.1126/science.1150195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150195
Hansen, R., Rolf, W., Santos, A., Luz, A.C., Száras, L., Tosics, I., Vierikko, K., Rall, E., Davies, C., Pauleit, S., 2016. Advanced Urban Green Infrastructure Planning and Implementation - Innovative Approaches and Strategies from European Cities. Deliverable 5.2. GREEN SURGE report. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.3948.9680
Healey, P., 2006. Urban Complexity and Spatial Strategies. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203099414
IAASTD, 2009. Agriculture at a Crossroads: International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development Synthesis Report - A Synthesis of the Global and Sub-Global IAASTD Reports. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., London, 106 pp.
IPBES 2019. Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Chapter 1 (Draft form 31 May 2019): Assessing a planet in transformation: Rationale and approach of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
IPCC 2019. IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land. Executive summary from Chapter 1. (Draft form 7 August 2019)
Lohrberg, F., Lička, L., Scazzosi, L., Timpe, A., 2016. Urban agriculture Europe. Jovis, Berlin, 230 pp.
Loorbach, D., Shiroyama, H., 2016. The Challenge of Sustainable Urban Development and Transforming Cities, in: Loorbach, D., Wittmayer, J.M., Shiroyama, H., Fujino, J., Mizuguchi, S. (Eds.), Governance of Urban Sustainability Transitions, vol. 11. Springer Japan, Tokyo, pp. 3–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55426-4_1
Lovell, S.T., 2010. Multifunctional Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Land Use Planning in the United States. Sustainability 2 (8), 2499–2522. DOI:10.3390/su2082499 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su2082499
MEA – Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being. Island Press, Washington, DC, 560 pp.
Mougeot, L.J.A., 2006. Growing better cities: Urban agriculture for sustainable development. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, xix, 97
Nevens, F., Frantzeskaki, N., Gorissen, L., Loorbach, D., 2013. Urban Transition Labs: co-creating transformative action for sustainable cities. Journal of Cleaner Production 50, 111–122. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.001
Norström, A.V., Cvitanovic, C., Löf, M.F., West, S., Wyborn, C., Balvanera, P., Bednarek, A.T., Bennett, E.M., Biggs, R., Bremond, A. de, Campbell, B.M., Canadell, J.G., Carpenter, S.R., Folke, C., Fulton, E.A., Gaffney, O., Gelcich, S., Jouffray, J.-B., Leach, M., Le Tissier, M., Martín-López, B., Louder, E., Loutre, M.-F., Meadow, A.M., Nagendra, H., Payne, D., Peterson, G.D., Reyers, B., Scholes, R., Speranza, C.I., Spierenburg, M., Stafford-Smith, M., Tengö, M., van der Hel, S., van Putten, I., Österblom, H., 2020. Principles for knowledge co-production in sustainability research. Nat Sustain 461, 472. DOI:10.1038/s41893-019-0448-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0448-2
Philips, A., 2013. Designing urban agriculture: A complete guide to the planning, design, construction, maintenance and management of edible landscapes. John Wiley and Sons Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, 1 online resource.
Piorr, A., Zasada, I., Doernberg, A., Zoll, F., and Ramme, W., 2018. Research for AGRI Committee – Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in the EU, European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels. DOI:10.2861/953859
Rolf, W., Peters, D., Lenz, R., Pauleit, S. 2018. Farmland – an Elephant in the Room of Urban Green Infrastructure? Lessons learned from connectivity analysis in three German cities. Ecological Indicators 94(2). DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.055
Rolf, W., Pauleit, S., Wiggering, H. 2019. A stakeholder approach, door opener for farmland and multifunctionality in Urban Green Infrastructure. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 40. DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.07.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.07.012
Rolf, W, Diehl, K., Zasada, I., Wiggering, H. 2020. Integrating farmland in Urban Green Infrastructure. An evidence synthesis for informed policymaking. Land Use Policy DOI:10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104823 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104823
Rolf, W., Peters, D. 2020. Algorithmic Landscapes meet Geodesign for effective Green Infrastucture Planning – Ideas and Perspectives. Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 5-2020, DOI:10.14627/537690049
Sachs, J.D., Schmidt-Traub, G., Mazzucato, M., Messner, D., Nakicenovic, N., Rockström, J., 2019. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability. DOI:10.1038/s41893-019-0352- 9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0352-9
Seto, K.C., Fragkias, M., Güneralp, B., Reilly, M.K., 2011. A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. PloS one 6 (8), e23777. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0023777 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023777
Stoate, C., Báldi, A., Beja, P., Boatman, N.D., Herzon, I., van Doorn, A., Snoo, G.R. de, Rakosy, L., Ramwell, C., 2009. Ecological impacts of early 21st century agricultural change in Europe – A review. Journal of Environmental Management 91 (1), 22–46. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.07.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.07.005
TWI2050 - The World in 2050, 2018. Transformations to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Report prepared by The World in 2050 initiative. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). Laxenburg, Austria.
Viljoen, A., Bohn, K., 2014. Second nature urban agriculture: Designing productive cities. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, Abingdon, Oxon, New York, xi, 300.
WBGU, German Advisory Council on Global Change, 2016. Humanity on the move: Unlocking the transformative power of cities: Flagship report. Berlin, 514 pp
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Werner Rolf
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.